1. Tajwīd Rules (Idghām, Ikhfā’, Qalqalah, Tafkhīm, Tarqīq)

• Qalqalah (ق، ط، ب، ج، د) – slight echo on consonant with sukūn.
• Tafkhīm – full-mouth letters (خ، ص، ض، غ، ط، ق، ظ) pronounced heavy.
• Tarqīq – all other letters pronounced light (except special ر rules).
• Idghām – نْ / tanwīn assimilates into certain following letters, often with shaddah.
• Ikhfā’ – نْ / tanwīn partially hidden with nasalization before “ikhfā” letters.
• The tester uses color layers (blue, orange, red, etc.) to visualize these rules.