ACE Description Legend

Prefix — Imperfect prefix or particle prefix.

Root / Stem — The triliteral or quadriliteral stem letters.

Suffix — Perfect/imperfect endings, dual/plural markers.

Object pronoun — Attached object suffixes.

Genitive pronoun — Possessive suffixes.

Particles — Conjunctions, functional particles, prepositions.

• F1, F2, … F10 — Verb Forms I–X
• V1 / V2 — Internal vowels between R0-R1 and R1-R2
• PP — Perfect Past
• IP — Imperfect
• VN — Verbal Noun (Maṣdar)
• AP — Active Participle
• PPc — Passive Participle
• ObjP — Object pronoun
• GenP — Genitive pronoun

• Red — Throat letters (ء، ه، ع، ح، غ، خ)
• Orange — Tafkhīm (full-mouth) letters
• Blue — Qalqalah letters (ق، ط، ب، ج، د)
• ّ — Shaddah (doubled consonant)
• ْ — Sukūn (no vowel)
• ً ٍ ٌ — Tanwīn endings

The ACE engine supports all 14 subject pronouns, automatically applying:

• Prefixes (ya, ta, a/e, na)
• Imperfect endings (ūna, āni, īna, etc.)
• Perfect suffixes (tu, ta, tum, tumā, etc.)
• Imperative transformations
• Weak verb adjustments (hollow, defective, assimilated)