ACE Tenses & Categories Index (1–44)

This page documents all 44 ACE tense/categories used throughout the Analyzer, Stem Tester, and Reverse Analyzer. Each tense contains:

A. Verb Tenses (1–14)

1. Active Perfect Verb — فعل ماضی
Meaning: Completed action Example: كتب — kataba — “he wrote” Urdu: اُس نے لکھا
2. Active Imperfect Verb — فعل مضارع
Meaning: Ongoing or habitual action Example: يكتب — yaktubu — “he writes / he is writing” Urdu: وہ لکھتا ہے
3. Active Subjunctive — منصوب
Triggered by: lan, حتى, لكي
Example: لن يكتبَ — “he will not write (ever)”
Urdu: وہ نہیں لکھے گا
4. Active Jussive — مجزوم
Triggered by: lam, لمّا, لا الناهية
Example: لم يكتبْ — “he did not write”
Urdu: اُس نے نہیں لکھا
5. Active Light Emphatic
Ending is: ـَنْ
Example: ليكتبَنْ
Urdu: ضرور لکھے گا
6. Active Heavy Emphatic
Ending is: ـَنَّ
Example: ليكتبَنَّ
Urdu: یقیناً لکھے گا

Passive Forms

7. Passive Perfect
Pattern: فُعِلَ
Example: كُتِبَ — kutiba — “it was written”
Urdu: یہ لکھا گیا
8. Passive Imperfect
Pattern: يُفْعَلُ
Example: يُكْتَبُ — yuktabu — “it is written”
Urdu: یہ لکھا جاتا ہے
9. Passive Subjunctive
Example: لن يُكْتَبَ
Urdu: یہ نہیں لکھا جائے گا
10. Passive Jussive
Example: لم يُكْتَبْ
Urdu: یہ نہیں لکھا گیا
11. Passive Light Emphatic
Example: ليُكْتَبَنْ
12. Passive Heavy Emphatic
Example: ليُكْتَبَنَّ
13. Active Imperative
Example: اُكتبْ — “write!”
Urdu: لکھو!
14. Active Prohibitive (Negative Imperative)
Example: لا تكتبْ — “do not write!”
Urdu: مت لکھو!

B. Noun Forms (15–23)

15. Active Participle — فاعل
كاتب — kātib — “writer / one who writes”
Urdu: لکھنے والا
16. Passive Participle — مفعول
مكتوب — maktūb — “written / letter”
Urdu: لکھا ہوا / خط
17. Verbal Noun (Maṣdar)
كتابة — kitābah — “writing”
Urdu: لکھائی
18. Noun of Place — مَفْعَل
مكتب — maktab — “office / place of writing”
Urdu: دفتر
19. Noun of Instrument — مِفْعَل
مفتاح — miftāḥ — “key / instrument that opens”
Urdu: چابی
20. Adjective Derivative Patterns
Examples:
  • حَسَن — beautiful
  • كبير — big
21. Exaggerated Noun (Ism Mubalagha)
كتّاب — kattāb — “prolific writer”
Urdu: بہت لکھنے والا
22. Color / Physical Defect
Example: أحمر — red
Urdu: سرخ
23. Broken Plurals (جُموع تكسير)
Example: كُتُب — kutub — “books”
Urdu: کُتب / کتابیں

C. Particles, Prepositions, Functional Words (24–44)

These are non-derived forms. ACE treats them as direct dictionary lookups with special grammatical behavior.

24. Prepositions
مِن — from, إلى — to, في — in
25. Conjunctions
وَ — and, فَ — so/then, ثُم — then
26. Negative Particles
لا — no / not لم — did not لن — will not
27. Question Particles
هل — “Is / Do?” ما — what من — who
28. Relative Pronouns
الذي — who (m.) التي — who (f.)
29. Demonstratives
هذا — this (m.) هذه — this (f.)
30–44. Remaining functional groups
These include:
  • Particles of oath
  • Condition particles
  • Time/place adverbs
  • Particles modifying imperfect tense
  • Attached pronouns
  • Genitive markers

End of Tense Index

Use this page together with the pattern documentation in build_combined_token().