Weak Verbs Rules (الأفعال المعتلة)

Weak verbs contain و / ي / ا in one or more root positions. ACE automatically detects weak patterns and adjusts stems, vowels, and suffixes for all tenses and forms.

Types of Weak Verbs

1. Assimilated (المثال)

Weak letter in first radical (r0)

• وَقَفَ → يَقِفُ

2. Hollow (الأجوف)

Weak letter in second radical (r1)

• قَالَ → يَقُولُ

3. Defective (الناقص)

Weak letter in third radical (r2)

• دَعَا → يَدْعُو

4. Doubly Weak

Two weak radicals in the same verb

Key Rules

1. Hollow Verb Vowel Collapse

Form I past replaces middle radical with long vowel.

2. Defective Verb Final Drop

Final weak radical may drop before suffixes:

• يَدْعُو → لَمْ يَدْعُ

3. Assimilated Verb Imperfect Loss

• وَقَفَ → يَقِفُ (و dropped)

ACE Implementation

• Detects weak radical positions
• Applies special conjugation rules
• Handles imperative irregular forms (e.g., قُلْ)
• Handles Form VIII assimilation for weak roots

These rules ensure accurate rendering of all weak-verb patterns across tenses.