Particles (حروف) — Rules & Usage

Particles are indeclinable words that modify verbs, nouns, tense, or meaning. ACE contains full particle arrays including translations, IPA, and Arabic forms.

1. Tense Particles for Verbs

Past Tense Emphasis

• قَدْ — certainly, indeed
• ما (perfect negation)

Imperfect Future / Intention

• سَـ — will (soon)
• سَوْفَ — will (later)

Subjunctive Markers

• لَنْ — will not (future negation)

Jussive Markers

• لَمْ — did not
• لا (prohibitive) — do not!

2. Prepositions

• مِنْ — from
• إلى — to
• فِي — in
• عَلَى — upon
• بِـ — with / by

3. Coordinating Particles

• وَ — and
• فَ — then / so
• ثُمَّ — then (after delay)

4. Logical Particles

• إِنَّ — indeed
• لَعَلَّ — perhaps
• لَيْسَ — not (verbal particle)

ACE allows particles to be placed before verbs using assembly mode. Particles are merged or spaced depending on pronunciation rules (wa-, fa-, bi-).