IPA Rendering Rules

ACE converts Arabic script or Latin transliteration into IPA using internal mappings. This is essential for learners who need exact pronunciation for Tajwīd and morphology.

1. Consonants

• ب → /b/
• ت → /t/
• ث → /θ/
• ج → /d͡ʒ/
• ح → /ħ/
• خ → /x/
• د → /d/
• ذ → /ð/
• ر → /r/
• ز → /z/
• س → /s/
• ش → /ʃ/
• ص → /sˤ/
• ض → /dˤ/
• ط → /tˤ/
• ظ → /ðˤ/
• ع → /ʕ/
• غ → /ɣ/
• ف → /f/
• ق → /q/
• ك → /k/
• ل → /l/
• م → /m/
• ن → /n/
• ه → /h/
• ء → /ʔ/

2. Short Vowels

• َ → /a/
• ِ → /i/
• ُ → /u/

3. Long Vowels (ACE shows red)

• ا → /aː/
• ي → /iː/
• و → /uː/

4. Diphthongs

• aw → /aw/
• ay → /aj/

5. Sukun Rendering

ACE renders consonant clusters clearly using a dot between syllables.

6. Shaddah

Shaddah yields double consonants → /Cː/

• دَرَّسَ → /darːasa/

7. Tajweed IPA Adjustments

ACE applies special coloring & IPA shifts for:
- Qalqalah
- Ghunnah
- Idghām
- Ikhfā’

These rules ensure accurate learner-friendly pronunciation outputs.